Tuesday, February 16, 2010
Hungarian: Dative and Possesives
Dative Case
Dative is an ending that takes the places of for or to (IOP).
If noun ends in a or e lengthen to á and é and add nak or nek
anya: anyának
cseresznye: cseresznyének
Otherwise no other change but adding nak or nak
ember: embernek
kolbász: kolbásznak
bőrönd: bőröndnek
szomszédok: szomszédoknak
Pronouns do not attach to word endings and have seperate forms:
nekem
neked
neki
nekünk
nektek
nekik
Az and ex have irregular singular dative forms which are ennek and annok though their plurals are regular and are ezeknek and azoknak.
Dative Examples:
Indirect Object:
She is writing to the historian.
ők írsz történésznek.
Hungarian Verb Requisite:
telefonál
I am calling them.
Telefonálok nekik.
örül
I am happy about the trip.
Örülök az utazásnak.
Tetsik (gustar verb)
Do you like that woman?
Tetszik neked az nő?
Irregular Verbs
jön and megy never have a direct object, are irregular and do not have definite forms:
megyek
mész
megy
megyünk
mentek
mennek
--
jövök
jössz
jön
jövünk
jöttök
jönnek
Mikor jön Tamás?
Mikor jöttök?
Merre jössz?
Mikor jönnek a szülők?
Mikor jön Lilla a repülőtérre?
Megyünk?
Possesive
Attach endings instead of seperate words and precede by definite article
If it ends in a or e lengthen to á and é, other vowels add:
m
d
ja-je
nk
tok-tek-tök
juk-jük
If it ends in a consonant add:
om-em-öm
od-ed-öd
(j)a-(j)e
unk-ünk
otok-etek-ötök
(j)uk-(j)ük
3rd person j endings are unpredictable but words ending in c, cs, gy, j, ly, ny, s, sz, ty, z, and zs never allow j-endings.
A strong tendancy is for back words ending in b, d, g, p, t, and k to take the back ending.
When comparing contrasting or putting emphasis use pronouns in between articles and the noun but ők does not exist, just ő
When adding endings add possesives before cases. To add the accusative you need a linking vowel (except for 3rd person singular) a or e. For 3rd person lengthen a and e to á and é and add t. Most other cases don not need a linking vowel though e and a still have to be lengthened.
Family
To have a more respecful and formal name add édes so mother would be édesanya
Dative is an ending that takes the places of for or to (IOP).
If noun ends in a or e lengthen to á and é and add nak or nek
anya: anyának
cseresznye: cseresznyének
Otherwise no other change but adding nak or nak
ember: embernek
kolbász: kolbásznak
bőrönd: bőröndnek
szomszédok: szomszédoknak
Pronouns do not attach to word endings and have seperate forms:
nekem
neked
neki
nekünk
nektek
nekik
Az and ex have irregular singular dative forms which are ennek and annok though their plurals are regular and are ezeknek and azoknak.
Dative Examples:
Indirect Object:
She is writing to the historian.
ők írsz történésznek.
Hungarian Verb Requisite:
telefonál
I am calling them.
Telefonálok nekik.
örül
I am happy about the trip.
Örülök az utazásnak.
Tetsik (gustar verb)
Do you like that woman?
Tetszik neked az nő?
Irregular Verbs
jön and megy never have a direct object, are irregular and do not have definite forms:
megyek
mész
megy
megyünk
mentek
mennek
--
jövök
jössz
jön
jövünk
jöttök
jönnek
Mikor jön Tamás?
Mikor jöttök?
Merre jössz?
Mikor jönnek a szülők?
Mikor jön Lilla a repülőtérre?
Megyünk?
Possesive
Attach endings instead of seperate words and precede by definite article
If it ends in a or e lengthen to á and é, other vowels add:
m
d
ja-je
nk
tok-tek-tök
juk-jük
If it ends in a consonant add:
om-em-öm
od-ed-öd
(j)a-(j)e
unk-ünk
otok-etek-ötök
(j)uk-(j)ük
3rd person j endings are unpredictable but words ending in c, cs, gy, j, ly, ny, s, sz, ty, z, and zs never allow j-endings.
A strong tendancy is for back words ending in b, d, g, p, t, and k to take the back ending.
When comparing contrasting or putting emphasis use pronouns in between articles and the noun but ők does not exist, just ő
When adding endings add possesives before cases. To add the accusative you need a linking vowel (except for 3rd person singular) a or e. For 3rd person lengthen a and e to á and é and add t. Most other cases don not need a linking vowel though e and a still have to be lengthened.
Family
To have a more respecful and formal name add édes so mother would be édesanya
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